¿Qué comen los aguiluchos cenizos?
Como comentario genérico, se puede decir que el aguilucho cenizo tiene una variada fuente de alimento, en otras palabras, que es un depredador un tanto generalista o adaptable a las circunstancias del lugar donde vive. Aunque hay varios estudios que han analizado la dieta de esta rapaz -en mi opinión una de las más bellas y elegantes de nuestra avifauna-, hoy nos hacemos eco de un artículo publicado en la revista Ardeola en el año 2005.
Casimiro Corbacho y otros investigadores analizaron 1180 presas identificadas a partir de egagrópilas y restos, comparando la alimentación en zonas agrícolas y pastizales ganaderos, encontrando que la composición de la dieta varía significativamente entre estos entornos, con una mayor proporción de invertebrados en áreas agrícolas y un aumento de vertebrados (aves y mamíferos) en pastizales.
El estudio lo llevaron a cabo a principios de los años noventa en cuatro colonias extremeñas, observando que los invertebrados (principalmente Ortópteros) son la categoría de presa mayoritaria en número (80% en promedio). Aún así, desde un punto de vista energético, los vertebrados aportan cerca del 80% de la biomasa ingerida (aves 52%, mamíferos 22%, reptiles 3%).
¿Pero cuáles son las especies de invertebrados? Dentro de los ortópteros están Acrididae (saltamontes), como Acridium aegyptium, Locusta migratoria y Oedaleus nigrofasciatus. Tettigonidae (langostas): Decticus albifrons, Tettigonia viridissima, y Platycleis tesselata. Gryllotalpidae (grillos topo): principalmente Gryllotalpa gryllotalpa. Gryllidae (grillos): Gryllus campestris. Y también otros órdenes como Dictiópteros: (Mantis religiosa), Coleópteros (escarabajos) y Crustáceos: se ha registrado el cangrejo de río americano (Procamburus clarkii).
¿Y vertebrados?
As a general comment, it can be said that the Montagu's harrier has a varied food source; in other words, it's a somewhat generalist predator, adaptable to the circumstances of its habitat. While several studies have analyzed the diet of this raptor—in my opinion, one of the most beautiful and elegant birds in our avifauna—today we're highlighting an article published in the journal Ardeola in 2005.
Casimiro Corbacho and other researchers analyzed 1180 prey items identified from pellets and remains. They compared the diet in agricultural areas and livestock pastures, finding that the composition of the diet varied significantly between these environments. There was a higher proportion of invertebrates in agricultural areas and an increase in vertebrates (birds and mammals) in pastures.
The study was conducted in the early 1990s in four colonies in Extremadura, observing that invertebrates (mainly Orthoptera) were the majority prey category by number (80% on average). Even so, from an energetic point of view, vertebrates contributed nearly 80% of the ingested biomass (birds 52%, mammals 22%, reptiles 3%).
But what are the invertebrate species? Among the orthopterans are Acrididae (grasshoppers), such as Acridium aegyptium, Locusta migratoria, and Oedaleus nigrofasciatus. Tettigonidae (bush-crickets): Decticus albifrons, Tettigonia viridissima, and Platycleis tesselata. Gryllotalpidae (mole crickets): mainly Gryllotalpa gryllotalpa. Gryllidae (crickets): Gryllus campestris. And also other orders like Dictyoptera (praying mantis): Mantis religiosa, Coleoptera (beetles), and Crustaceans: the red swamp crayfish (Procambarus clarkii) has been recorded.
And vertebrates?
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Birds: represent 17% of the total prey numerically. Crested larks, calandra larks, red-legged partridges, common quails, Eurasian stone-curlews, Eurasian hoopoes, woodlarks, blackcaps, zitting cisticolas, corn buntings, and common stonechats. Harriers also consumed clutches (eggs) and nestling broods, accounting for nearly 50% of bird captures. Eggs of little bustard, woodlark, and crested lark/calandra lark have been identified.
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Mammals: numerically less important (3.7%). Lagomorphs: mainly young specimens of hares and rabbits. Rodents: mice and voles. Insectivores: shrews, although accidental.
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Reptiles: constitute a small part of the diet (1.2%). Primarily small Lacertids (lizards), and some skinks.
In short, the Montagu's harrier's diet reflects its ability to adapt to the availability of resources in its environment, allowing it to exploit everything from small invertebrates to larger, higher-energy vertebrates.
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